Female circumcision (Topical Term)

Hennepin (Clitoridectomy x Female circumcision)

Women's thes. (Female circumcision)

Female circumcision, 1988: p. 51 (In practice the term "female circumcision" is used for several kinds of clitoral or genital manipulations)

Dorland's med. dict. (circumcision: female circumcision; clitoridotomy)

Washington Post, April 13, 1993: p. 9, Health section (Female circumcision)

Washington Post, June 14, 1996: p. A6 (female genital mutilation; genital mutilation)

Boyle, E.H. Female genital cutting, 2002: p. 25 (FGC: African feminists and scholars have criticized "female genital mutilation" for being ethnocentric; others adopt the term "female genital modifications" because the acronym "FGM" has become widely recognized)

Here are entered works on traditional practices that involve surgery of the external female genital organs and that may vary in extent from simple cutting of the clitoral prepuce to total excision of the clitoris and parts of the labia.