Graphic novels (Topical Term)

Work cat.: 94-23984: Rothschild, D.A. Graphic novels, 1995.

LC database, Nov. 3, 1994 (40+ entries for individual graphic novels under series title)

City of light, city of dark, c1993: t.p. (comic-book novel)

Rothschild, D.A. Graphic novels, 1995: p. xiii (a graphic novel is a sturdy, lengthy comic book that contains a single story or a set of interrelated stories told using "sequential art"; other terms: trade comics (which already has a meaning in the industry); commix, invented by Art Spiegelman to describe "a co-mixing of words and pictures" (too similar to comics and comix to catch on); graphic album (the European term--same problem as graphic novel, with audio overtones); illu-novel (too clunky to catch on); and gekiga (the Japanese term for the genre))

Gorman, M. Getting graphic!, c2003: p. xii (graphic novel is used in the library profession to describe an original book-length story, either fiction or nonfiction, published in comic book style or a collection of stories that have been published previously as individual comic books; conventional graphic novel begins and ends a story within the first and last page of the book; the use of the seemingly erroneous label of "novel" for all books created in a comic-style format must be understood and accepted as the status quo) p. 60 (graphic nonfiction) p. 66 (graphic work of nonfiction)

Wikipedia, July 26, 2005 (Graphic novel (sometimes abbreviated GN) is a term for a kind of book, usually telling an extended story with sequential art (i.e. comics); most broadly used to refer to any long-form comic book or manga, i.e. the comics analogue to a prose novel or novella; can apply to works which were previously published serially in periodical comic books, or to works produced specifically for book-format publication; some use the term "graphic novella" for works that fit the general sense of the term (a single, well-developed story), but are less than 100 pages; in the book trade the term is sometimes extended to include material that would not be considered a "novel" if produced in another medium. Collections of comic book issues that do not form a single continuous story, anthologies of short loosely-related pieces, and even non-fiction are stocked by libraries and bookstores as "graphic novels")

Lyga, A.A.W. Graphic novels in your media center, 2004: p. 15 (comic books can--and do--encompass the entire range of fiction and nonfiction) p. 17 (all graphic novels are comic books, but not all comic books are graphic novels)

Ward. Longman companion to twentieth century literature, 1991; Random House; Web. 3